The Iowa City Airport – A Rich Aviation History.

Did you know…that Iowa City hosted one of the earliest commercial airports in the country – serving as one of the strategic stops in America’s first cross-country air mail route? As a matter of fact, today, Iowa City’s airport – which opened in 1918 – is the oldest airstrip west of the Mississippi River that’s still in its original location – with many of the early pioneers of flight landing here – including Wiley Post, Jack Knight, Charles Lindbergh, and Will Rogers.

Did you also know that the very first “successful” flight in the state of Iowa occurred on October 13, 1910 in Iowa City? Captain Tom Baldwin brought his aeroplane – The Red Devil – to town for a three-day flying demonstration – an event that brought hundreds of curious spectators to the Farmer’s Fall Festival held at the Iowa City fairgrounds. Read more here.

*According to The Iowa City Citizen, Iowa City was “first city in the state to present a perfect flight in an aeroplane.” – October 13, 1910.* The Citizen might have been exaggerating here a bit. According to the Iowa Department of Transportation’s history page – Arthur J. Hartman piloted Iowa’s first ‘areoplane’ flight in May 1910 – on the fairway of the old Burlington Country Club. Records indicate that Hartman’s plane rose 10 feet into the air before coming down so hard that it damaged the undercarriage!

Excitement about air travel grew exponentially following Captain Tom’s October-1910 flight over Iowa City, and it’s been suggested that – between 1910-1911 – some 46 flights were made around Iowa by 23 different aviators!

Back in Iowa City, an open plot of farm land – a cow pasture owned by W.J. Benjamin – was becoming a popular landing spot for any young soul who was brave enough to take a bi-plane up into the sky. Benjamin’s land was popular for local pilots, you see, because – unlike much of Iowa City – it was flat as a pancake, and clear of trees and obstructions. Which now brings us to…

(S-0031) Above left -The first U.S. postage stamp to feature an airplane (1912), (P-0229) Above right – Iowa City Post Office – built in 1904. On May 6, 1918, Congress authorized the Post Office Department to carry U.S. mail by airplane. The rate was set at 24¢ per ounce and the first airmail flight took place between New York and Washington D.C. on May 15, 1918.

On December 30, 1919, the U.S. Post Office Department in Washington, D.C. telegraphed Iowa City Postmaster Max Mayer to ask for information about this new airfield that had opened here in 1918. Mayer wired back…

Aviation field one and one half miles southwest of the post office. West of river on Red Ball Highway. Seven-tenths of a mile from street car. City phone in farm house. Transportation available at post office. Property of W. J. Benjamin. Field 440 yards square. Four way landing, no trees or brush. No building for airplane. Temporary markings only. Wire markings desired. Aviators report field first class.

(P-0339c) Ten days later – on January 8, 1920 – Iowa City became the only stop during the very first air mail flight between Chicago and Omaha – transporting 400 pounds of U.S. mail and a slab of beef needed for a big Omaha banquet honoring General John Pershing (above left). On the return trip, the pilot, Walter J. Smith, had the privilege of flying a live 10-pound piglet – an Iowa hog – to be served at a banquet at the Congress Hotel in Chicago!

*This 1953 article from The Press-Citizen covered the 1920 Iowa City pig story – but got the date wrong.*

ICairport (L-0016) In May 1920, just five months after he flew that first airmail flight in and out of Iowa City, Walter J. Smith was killed in a plane wreck – an all-too-common fate for early airmail pilots. Shortly thereafter, the Iowa City Airport was renamed “Smith Field” in his honor.

The first full-transcontinental air mail flights began on September 8, 1920 – with Iowa City being the one stop for fuel between Chicago and Omaha. These flights were only attempted in daylight hours, however, and provided little advantage over the train-delivered mail. Still, the concept of delivering mail by air was proven by these early flights.

Five months later, on February 22 & 23, 1921, Smith Field – the Iowa City airport – was designated as a fuel stop on the first transcontinental day/night air mail attempt. This flight tested the feasibility of flying the mail around the clock, in all weather conditions – and very nearly ended up in disaster.

Seven pages of pilot’s notes for recognizing cities and landmarks between Chicago – Iowa City – Omaha…

Two westbound pilots and two eastbound pilots took off from opposite coasts of the United States, headed toward Chicago, where they planned to exchange mail and reverse course. Both westbound pilots were forced down by snowstorms before reaching Chicago, and one eastbound pilot crashed in Nevada. The other eastbound pilot made it safely to North Platte, Nebraska, where pilot Jack Knight was waiting to take over the mission. About midnight, near Kearney, Nebraska, Knight encountered snow.

Landing at Omaha by the light of burning gasoline drums placed along the runway, Knight found that his relief pilot had not arrived. By this time, the snowfall had become a blizzard. After refueling his plane, Knight took off for Chicago at 2 a.m. with only a road map to guide him over terrain he had never crossed before. As he got closer to Iowa City, the Smith Field watchman set out railroad flares to help him land. Knight quickly refueled and took off again, heading toward Lake Michigan, which would serve as a “landmark” for him to find Chicago. When the snow stopped, he encountered fog. Finally, with daybreak, the fog burned off and Lake Michigan was sighted. When Knight landed at Chicago’s Checkerboard Field he was greeted by a throng of people who had gathered to see if the daring young pilot would finish his remarkable flight. His mail was relayed onto Cleveland and then New York, finally arriving 33 hours and 20 minutes after leaving San Francisco.

Jack Knight was a national hero. He saved the first continuous coast-to-coast airmail flight from certain failure! Having covered 830 miles in nine hours, Knight proved that the airmail could move, even in darkness and bad weather. Although he downplayed his role, he did concede once…

If you ever want to worry your head – just try to find Iowa City on a dark night with a good snow and fog hanging around.

(L-0075) National Geographic Magazine – January 1926 – offered a 61-page article on these ‘day & night’ mail flights – including numerous pictures taken at the Iowa City airport – one of the primary stops on these intercontinental airmail flights. At this time, scheduled airmail service between New York and San Francisco regularly required only 34 hours!

As air travel became safer and more contractors were entering into the competition – Ford Motors was the first private contractor – the Postal Service announced a new rate system, with a one-ounce letter – traveling less than 1,000 miles – costing the customer only 10 cents!

iowacityairport 1 — *(C-0083)* *(S-0032)* **Air Mail Flight Cover postmarked on February 1, 1927 in Iowa City**. Iowa City to Cleveland to Buffalo Air Route.

iowacityairport 2 — *(C-0084)* *(S-0035)* *Here’s a rare* **Air Mail Flight Cover postmarked on July 1, 1927 in Iowa City** – Chicago to San Francisco Air Route – CAM 18 – Boeing Air Transport. *This rare cover features the new 10-cent Charles Lindbergh stamp and was **signed by Pilot Ira O. Biffle**!*

July 1, 1927 was certainly a memorable day in Iowa City aviation history…

First of all, it was the first day when Boeing Air Transport took over the San Francisco to Chicago airmail route (CAM 18 – Contact Air Mail Route 18) for the U.S. Post Office. Under the terms of this agreement, Boeing assumed the responsibility not only to deliver the airmail, but to run the Iowa City airport as well, which meant both maintaining and improving the airport facility.

Secondly, July 1, 1927 marked the date of the first commercial passenger flight into Iowa City. The event was covered “from inside the plane” by Jane Eads – a 20-year old reporter, and the sole passenger, from The Cook County (Chicago) Herald newspaper. The flight from Maywood, Illinois – Iowa’s first commercial airline passenger flight – was on a single-engine Boeing mail and passenger biplane. The trip was uneventful – although Eads confessed later that during the landing in Iowa City, she actually thought the plane was crashing!

The plane that flew in and out of Iowa City on July 1, 1927 was piloted by Ira O. Biffle of Lincoln, Nebraska. Ira Biffle flew for different organizations, including the Nebraska Aircraft Corporation in Lincoln, Nebraska. While serving as a flying instructor there in April 1922, “Biff” taught the first eight lessons in flying to a lanky young man named Charles Lindbergh. In “We,” written by Lindbergh in 1928, he noted that Biffle’s reputation as “the most ‘hard boiled’ instructor the army ever had during World War I” was still well known among the aviation students. Ira Biffle returned to flying for the Air Mail Service on August 6, 1923 and stayed on as a pilot until the service was turned over to commercial companies. In 1930, he was forced to retire as a pilot due to his failing eyesight. Biffle passed away on April 7, 1934 in Chicago at the age of 44 of heart disease, and is buried in Arlington Cemetery in Washington D.C.

iowacityairport 2 2 — *(C-0085)* *(C-0086) (C-0087)* *Air Mail Flight Cover postmarked on July 1, 1927 in Iowa City. Chicago to San Francisco Air Route CAM 18 & CAM 17 – Boeing Air & National Air Transport.*

1928-mansheim book p 169 airport — *Will Rogers comes to Iowa City in June 1928.*

iowacityairport 7 — *(C-0093)* This **Air Mail Flight Postcard was postmarked on July 10, 1928 in Cedar Rapids**. Chicago to San Francisco Air Route – CAM 18 – Boeing Air Transport. By 1928, airmail is becoming more popular. This cover celebrates the first airmail flight into Cedar Rapids, and carries the 10-cent per ounce rate. (Below) – *the back of this postcard features a map of the expanding US airmail system. Notice that Iowa City and Des Moines are on the map, but the new site of Cedar Rapids does not yet appear.*

iowacityairport 9 — *(C-0092)* *This cover – July 10, 1928 – celebrates new service from Cedar Rapids To Lincoln, Nebraska!*

In an all-out effort to increase the use of airmail service, on August 1, 1928, the Post Office Department reduced the rate from 10¢ to 5¢ per ounce.

iowacityairport 4 — *(C-0090)* *(S-0036)* *Here’s an* **Air Mail Flight Cover postmarked on August 1, 1928 in Iowa City**. From Iowa City to Detroit – CAM 18 & CAM 27 – Boeing Air Transport & Trans-American. Cover has the August 1, 1928 “Fly Your Mail – Iowa City” cachet and features the new 5-cent Beacon on the Rocky Mountains stamp.

iowacityairport 5 2 — *(C-0088) Air Mail Flight Cover postmarked on August 1, 1928 in Iowa City. From Iowa City to San Francisco – CAM 18 – Boeing Air Transport.*

iowacityairport 6 — *(C-0089)* *Air Mail Flight Post Card postmarked in Iowa City from Iowa City to San Francisco – CAM 18 – Boeing Air Transport.*

*(C-0281)* *Air Mail Flight Postal Cover postmarked in Iowa City – going to Decatur, Illinois – August 1 – first day of 5-cent airmail!*

In 1928, Paul B. Shaw came to Iowa City to take over operations of the Iowa City Airport. In 1939, Shaw begins the CAA Civilian Pilot Training Program and the first class includes SUI coed Sally Johnson. Between 1942 and 1944, Shaw and his team trained 2,500 pilots through the U.S. Navy’s Pre-Flight School that came to the SUI campus during WWII. Read more here.

(C-0094) On the 25^th Anniversary – Dec.17, 1903 – of Wright Brothers flight – this cover is postmarked in Kitty Hawk, NC – 5 days after the Civil Aeronautics Conference welcomed Orville Wright and Lindbergh. On December 12-15, 1928, some of the most important figures in the new field of aviation gathered to exchange information and honor aeronautical achievements, especially those of the guest of honor, Orville Wright (Wilbur had died in 1912). Following the conference, the delegates even traveled to Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, to attend ceremonies on the site exactly twenty-five years after the Wrights’ historic flight.

iowacityairport 10 — *(C-0095)* **National Air Mail Week – May 15-21, 1938 – postmarked in Iowa City on May 16, 1938.** This bi-colored 6¢ airmail stamp was issued in celebration of National Airmail Week, which commemorated the 20th anniversary of the first airmail flight (1918) – New York to Washington D.C. President Franklin Roosevelt, a stamp enthusiast, was presented with some possible designs for the new stamp, but sketched his own idea instead. His flying eagle became the picture on the new airmail stamp. The 6¢ Eagle first went on sale in Dayton, OH, the home of the Wright brothers, and St. Petersburg, FL, where the first passenger flight was made. A temporary post office was established, because the American Air Mail Society was holding its annual convention in St. Petersburg.

To celebrate the anniversary, towns all over the U.S. prepared individual First Day Covers. Most covers were mailed on Thursday, May 19 to take part in special one-day-only flights. Towns with no airport cleared fields and closed roads so the planes could land and take-off with the special envelopes. The special purple postmark on this cover celebrates the first air mail service through Iowa City (Chicago to Omaha) on January 8, 1920.

Between 1939 and 1944, long-time aviator Paul Shaw and his team trained 2,500 pilots for the U.S. Navy at the Iowa City airport. Read all the details here.

iowacityairport 13 — (C-0096) **Air Mail Flight Cover Celebrating the 25^th Anniversary of the First Trans-Continental Air Mail Route – September 8, 1920.** This airmail cover, postmarked in 1945, celebrates the 25^th anniversary of that first full-transcontinental air mail flight that came through Iowa City in September 1920. The cover features the 8-cent issue in a new set of airmail stamps of the twin-motored transport plane which made their appearance from 1941 to 1946. These stamps were intended to cover the various rates in effect for both domestic and overseas airmail service, and the 8¢ issue was required when postage rates were increased to help finance World War II.

(P-0199) Back in the day, the Skyway Cabins were the place to stay. “Strictly Modern – Hot Showers – Kitchens – Automatic Heat – Insulated – Shaded – Quiet” – except for the planes overhead! What more could one ask?